Sulfur Degassing from Mt. Erebus Volcano, Antarctica
نویسنده
چکیده
SO2 emission rates from Erebus volcano show periodicity, which directly relates to lava lake convection and magma and conduit processes. Mt. Erebus is a 3794 m stratovolcano with a persistently degassing convecting, phonolite lava lake. Lava lake SO2 emission rates were collected from 1992 to 2003 using the correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) and in 2003 and 2005 using a miniature ultra-violet differential optical absorption spectrometer (DOAS). COSPEC results show increasing emission rates from 39±17 Mg/day (0.5 kg/s) in 1996 to ~80±25 Mg/day (0.9 kg/s) in 2003. DOAS emission rates from 2003 and 2005 are nearly identical at ~80±26 Mg/day (0.9 kg/s). DOAS fluxes are within 10% of COSPEC fluxes when parameters like number of averaged spectra (coadds) and integration times of measured spectra are carefully selected to optimize data collection. At Erebus volcano, COSPEC performs more consistently than DOAS because of the high signal to noise ratio in the DOAS data. Time series analysis of SO2 emission rates show periodicities that range from 10 minutes to 3 hours. Short cycles may be related to puffing at the lava lake surface and long cycles may be related to deeper conduit processes. Modeling suggests that Poiseuille flow is the most plausible model to explain magma convection in the conduit and lava lake. The contribution of volcanic S to the Antarctic atmospheric S budget increased from 1993 to 2006 from 3% to 4% whereas the contribution to the global atmospheric S budget increased from 0.03%
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